Horn and Booster Materials

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Boosters, as discussed earlier, are typically of standard design, whereas a horn (sonotrode), the vibrating component actually contacting the work, can be any of a wide variety of designs. These can be as as simple as cylinders or rectangles, possibly … Continued

Basic Process Variables

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The heating rate in ultrasonic welding is the product of the loss modulus of the material, frequency, clamp force, and the square of amplitude. Loss modulus is the ability of the material to convert repetitive variation in compressive load into … Continued

Amplitude and Gain

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Amplitude can also be controlled by varying the shape of the acoustical tooling components. The basic unit of ultrasonic tooling, the horn, sonotrode, or coupling bar, is in its simplest form when it is a cylinder of metal, typically aluminum, … Continued

1960s to 1980s Ultrasonic Welders

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Some form of amplitude control was available fairly early in the history of ultrasonic plastics assembly, even before ultrasonic welders had any other form of process control. Amplitude can be controlled either electronically or acoustically. Amplitude is typically defined as … Continued

Hot Plate Welding Plate Cleaning

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It seems that one could avoid some of plate-cleaning issues associated with hot plate welding by switching to non-contact hot plate welding. This technique has essentially the same cycle as hot plate welding using the same equipment, except that instead … Continued

Hot Plate Welding Joints

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Hot plate welding works well with non-planar joints. That said, part fit-up is always important, and especially so when parts are relatively large as is often the case when the process is selected. A quick rule of thumb is to … Continued

Hot Plate Welding Flash

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Success in hot plate welding depends on generation of flash. This seems a little counter-intuitive, but it makes sense if you think about it. The material is pressed againt the hot plate. It begins melting at the interface and if … Continued

Hot Plate Welding Coatings

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There has been a lot of discussion over the years about which materials or coatings to use for hot plate surfaces to minimize sticking and stringing of the plastic material. If one can minimize sticking, one can minimize plate cleaning … Continued